National innovation systems: structures, goals, functions, ways of development

Author(s):  A.B. Petrovsky, Dr., Prof., Federal Research Center “Computer Sciences and Control”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

S.V. Pronichkin, candidate of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Computer Sciences and Control”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

M.Yu. Sternin, Federal Research Center “Computer Sciences and Control”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

G.I. Shepelev, candidate of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Computer Sciences and Control”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Issue:  Volume 45, №1

Rubric:  System analysis and processing of knowledge

Annotation:  The paper considers a role of innovations and innovative strategies in the development of modern economies of different types. The main classes of innovations proposed by Schumpeter and Mensch are presented. The significant influence of the national innovation system on the stability of the country's economic development under the present conditions is substantiated. The currently existing models of national innovation systems are described - North American, West European, East Asian, alternative. Their peculiarities, main features and characteristics, basic structures, goals, functions and evolution paths are given. It is noted that in the theory and practice at the present there are no universal constructive recipes for building and developing of a national innovation system. It is shown that the formation and functionalization of an innovation system in each country are determined by the national peculiarities as well as the general objectives of the national science and technology policy. We underline the expediency of studying the experience of creation and improvement of national innovation systems of industrially developed countries for building the national innovation system of the Russian Federation

Keywords:  innovation, innovative strategy, national innovation system, model of innovation system, industrially developed countries

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